ABSTRACT Purpose To characterize the knowledge, skills, opinions, and main barriers perceived by speech-language pathologists, in child language in Brazil, regarding evidence-based practice (EBP). Methods The study was conducted between August 2021 and July 2022 using an online questionnaire. In addition to sociodemographic and field data, 22 items related to EBP were considered and subdivided into “knowledge”, “skills”, “opinion” and “barriers”. Each item had five response options (strongly disagree, disagree, not decided, agree, strongly agree). A total of 122 speech-language pathologists who work with child language answered the questionnaire. Their responses were described by the percentage of frequency distribution. The time since graduation and the level of proficiency in English were considered to compare the distribution pattern of the answers. Results Although most speech-language pathologists report having learned the basics of EBP in their academic training, there are weaknesses in their knowledge and lack of mastery of search strategies and critical evaluation of scientific articles. Although most agree that EBP’s use is necessary for speech-language practice and consider the need to increase the use of scientific evidence in their daily practice, the lack of articles, difficulties related to the practical application of scientific results and lack of collective support among colleagues are identified as barriers. Conclusion This study alerts the academic community to the urgency of considering EBP in the context of Brazilian Speech-Language Pathology.

RESUMO Objetivo Caracterizar o conhecimento, habilidades, opiniões e principais barreiras percebidas por fonoaudiólogos, da área de linguagem infantil no Brasil, a respeito da prática baseada em evidências (PBE). Método O estudo foi conduzido entre agosto de 2021 e julho de 2022 por meio de um questionário online. Além de dados sociodemográficos e de campo de trabalho, foram considerados 22 itens relacionados à PBE e subdivididos em “conhecimento”, “habilidades”, “opinião” e “barreiras”. Cada item apresentava cinco opções de resposta (discordo totalmente, discordo, não estou decidido, concordo, concordo totalmente). Ao total 122 fonoaudiólogos que atuam na área da linguagem infantil responderam ao questionário. Suas respostas foram descritas pela porcentagem de distribuição de frequência. O tempo de formação e o nível de domínio do inglês foram considerados para comparar o padrão de distribuição das respostas. Resultados Apesar da maioria dos fonoaudiólogos reportar ter aprendido as bases da PBE em sua formação acadêmica, há fragilidades em seu conhecimento e falta de domínio das estratégias de busca e avaliação crítica dos artigos científicos. Ainda que a maioria concorde que a aplicação da PBE é necessária para a prática fonoaudiológica e considere precisar aumentar o uso de evidências científicas em sua prática diária, são apontadas como barreiras a falta de artigos, dificuldades relacionadas à aplicação prática de resultados científicos e falta de apoio coletivo entre os colegas. Conclusão Este estudo alerta a comunidade acadêmica para a urgência de se considerar a PBE no contexto da Fonoaudiologia brasileira.

ABSTRACT Chromium is present in nature mainly as Cr(III) and Cr(VI) species. Cr(III) is known as an essential trace element, whereas Cr(VI) presents acute toxicity. A chromatographic method (HPLC-ionic) was developed for the determination of both chromium species in contaminated aqueous medium during their treatment by phytoremediation. For this, the previous formation of the anionic complex [Cr(III)-EDTA]- was required. The ionic strength of the mobile phase was evaluated in isocratic mode, while the flow velocity and gradient time were evaluated in gradient mode. Cr(VI) showed a strong interaction with the stationary phase and the determination with 9.0 mM Na2CO3/3.0 mM NaHCO3 of greater ionic strength was adequate, whilst for Cr(III) determination was performed with 2.8 mM Na2CO3/3.4 mM NaHCO3. The use of a concentration gradient allowed for the separation and quantification of both species simultaneously with the appropriate conditions: mobile phase A: 2.8 mM Na2CO3 2-/3.4 mM NaHCO3 with the gradual introduction of B: 9.0 mM Na2CO3/3.0 mM NaHCO3, t = 0.5 min, flow rate of 1.5 mL/min, and sample volume of 50 μL. The use of HPLC-ionic represents an efficient, fast alternative with less environmental impact than conventional techniques with the remarkable advantage of the simultaneous determination of these species.

RESUMEN El cromo está presente en la naturaleza principalmente como las especies Cr(III) y Cr(VI). El Cr(III) se conoce como oligoelemento esencial, mientras que el Cr(VI) presenta toxicidad aguda. Se desarrolló un método cromatográfico (HPLC-iónico) para la determinación de ambas especies de cromo en medio acuoso contaminado durante su tratamiento por fitorremediación. Para esto se requirió la formación previa del complejo aniónico [Cr(III)-EDTA]-. Se evaluó en modo isocrático la fuerza iónica de la fase móvil y en modo gradiente la velocidad de flujo y el tiempo de gradiente. El Cr(VI) presentó una fuerte interacción con la fase estacionaria, siendo adecuada la determinación con 9.0 mM Na2CO3/3.0 mM NaHCO3, de mayor fuerza iónica. Para Cr(III) la determinación fue con 2.8 mM Na2CO3/3.4 mM NaHCO3. Mediante el uso del gradiente de concentración se logró separar y cuantificar simultáneamente ambas especies en las siguientes condiciones: fase móvil A: 2.8 mM Na2CO3/3.4 mM NaHCO3 con introducción gradual de B: 9.0 mM Na2CO3/3.0 mM NaHCO3, a t = 0.5 min, velocidad de flujo de 1.5 mL/min y volumen de muestra de 50 μL. El uso de HPLC-iónico representa una alternativa eficiente, rápida y con menor impacto ambiental que las técnicas convencionales con la notable ventaja de la determinación simultánea de estas especies.

ABSTRACT Purpose monitor the development of pragmatic skills in children with clinical risk indicators for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) before and after the application of an integrated parental guidance protocol. Methods Seven families who had children with clinical risk indicators for autism spectrum disorder and were in the diagnostic process participated in this study. The study was divided into three moments: (1) structured interview with parents and assessment of children's pragmatic skills, (2) virtual sessions with guidance to parents related to the characteristics of the condition and skills that can be developed to favor their development, and (3) reassessment of children's pragmatic skills. Statistical analysis considered occupation of communicative space, use of functions and communicative means at ground zero and post-monitoring. Results There was no significant difference between the two evaluation moments, but a greater number was observed in the use of communicative acts and more interactive communicative functions as an outcome. Conclusion The monitoring of children’s pragmatic skills suggests that they present discrete evolution, especially the more interactive ones, after the application of the integrated parental guidance protocol.

RESUMO Objetivo monitorar o desenvolvimento de habilidades pragmáticas em crianças com indicadores clínicos de risco para Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo antes e após a aplicação de um protocolo interdisciplinar de orientação parental. Método Participaram deste estudo sete famílias que possuíam filhos com indicadores clínicos de risco para o Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo e estavam em processo diagnóstico. O estudo foi dividido em três momentos: (1) entrevista estruturada com os pais e avaliação das habilidades pragmáticas das crianças, (2) sessões virtuais de orientação aos pais relacionadas às características do Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo e habilidades que podem ser desenvolvidas para favorecer seu desenvolvimento, e (3) reavaliação das habilidades pragmáticas. A análise estatística considerou ocupação do espaço comunicativo, uso de funções e meio comunicativo no marco zero e no pós-monitoramento. Resultados Não houve diferença significativa entre os dois momentos de avaliação, mas foi observado maior número no uso de atos comunicativos e funções comunicativas mais interativas como desfecho. Conclusão Desta forma o monitoramento das habilidades pragmáticas sugere que estas apresentem discreta evolução, principalmente as mais interativas, após a aplicação do protocolo integrado de orientação.

RESUMEN INTRODUCCIÓN: Los pacientes con compromiso del sistema inmune pueden desarrollar una enfermedad neurológica incapacitante e incluso mortal, como lo es la leucoencefalopatía multifocal progresiva (LMP) producida por el virus de John Cunningham (JC). PRESENTACIÓN DEL CASO: Se presenta el caso de un hombre de 26 años con diagnóstico reciente de infección por virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) que presentó síntomas constitucionales, déficit neurológico progresivo por hemiparesia espástica izquierda, disminución de la agudeza visual y cambios comportamentales. En las imágenes de resonancia magnética (IRM) cerebral contrastada se encontró afectación subcortical difusa de la sustancia blanca con compromiso de las fibras en U que, correlacionado con una prueba de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) para virus JC en LCR, confirmó el diagnóstico de LMP. DISCUSIÓN: La LMP puede manifestarse por medio de síntomas cognitivos usualmente imperceptibles para el clínico, pero también como déficit sensorio-motor y visual que se puede corroborar en las IRM al identificar las lesiones típicas en la sustancia blanca, o bien por medio de detección del virus por PCR en líquido cefalorraquídeo. El manejo específico de la causa que desencadenó la inmunosupresión sigue siendo el pilar de tratamiento. CONCLUSIÓN: La mínima sospecha diagnóstica en aquellos pacientes con factores de riesgo y manifestaciones clínicas concordantes con la enfermedad debe llevar a que se confirme el diagnóstico y que se inicie prontamente el manejo terapéutico en búsqueda de restablecer la respuesta inmune.

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Patients with immunocompromised or weakened immune system can develop a disabling and even life-threatening neurological disorder such as progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) caused by John Cunningham (JC) virus. CASE PRESENTATION: We present the case of a 26-year-old man with a recent diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection who presented constitutional symptoms, progressive neurological deficit due to left spastic hemiparesis with decreased visual acuity and behavioral changes. The brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) showed diffuse subcortical involvement of the white matter including the U-fibers, which, correlated with a detection of JC virus DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) cerebrospinal fluid, confirmed the diagnosis of PML. DISCUSSION: PML can range from subtle cognitive impairment imperceptible to the clinician to sensory-motor deficits and visual disturbances that can be corroborated in MRI by identifying the typical lesions in the white matter or by detecting the virus by PCR in cerebrospinal fluid. The specific management of the cause that triggered the immunosuppression continues to be the mainstay of treatment. CONCLUSION: At the minimum diagnostic suspicion in patients with risk factors and clinical manifestations consistent with the disease should proceed to confirm the diagnosis and promptly immune reconstitution.

Resumen El presente artículo da cuenta de una propuesta experiencial artística a través del pensamiento creativo, la educación reflexiva y la representación de la memoria individual como un enlace para la construcción de una memoria colectiva con integrantes de la comunidad de San Martín, Meta, Colombia. Para ello, se tuvo en cuenta el método fenomenológico hermenéutico en cuatro etapas: previas, descriptivas, estructurales e interpretativas, por medio de la sensibilización audiovisual de un corto animado junto con un cuestionario que llevó a un proceso de reflexión dialógica subjetiva y grupal. Los resultados, permitieron evidenciar un proceso interpretativo fundamentado en las situaciones del pasado de las personas participantes a partir de la memoria individual y colectiva bajo una perspectiva significativa integradora, que se configuró mediante un proceso de creación simbólica, el cual generó un puente dialéctico entre la comunidad participante y materiales audiovisuales universales. Por lo tanto, mediante proyectos de este tipo se espera incentivar a otras instituciones académicas del país a desarrollar más proyectos de sensibilización artística a través de la memoria. Igualmente, se espera continuar con el proyecto mediante narrativas visuales en un texto que integre las experiencias vividas en este lugar, con las necesidades reflexivas aún latentes en el ámbito de quienes participaron en esta propuesta investigativa.

Abstract This article exposes an artistic experiential proposal through creative thinking, reflective education, and the representation of individual memory as a link for the construction of collective memory with members of the community of San Martín, Meta, Colombia. To do this, the researchers considered the hermeneutic phenomenological method in four stages: preliminary, descriptive, structural, and interpretive. This was done through audiovisual awareness of an animated short along with a questionnaire that led to a process of subjective and group dialogic reflection. For their part, the results evidenced an interpretive process based on the past of the participants from individual and collective memory under a significant integrating perspective. This was configured through a process of symbolic creation, which generated a dialectical bridge between the participating community and universal audiovisual materials. Thus, through projects of this type, the researchers intend to encourage other academic institutions in the country to develop more artistic awareness projects through memory. Likewise, it is expected to continue with the project through visual narratives in a text that integrates the experiences lived in this place with the reflective needs still latent in the field of those who participated in this research proposal.

Resumen Objetivo: Desarrollar recomendaciones basadas en la evidencia para el diagnóstico, la rehabilitación funcional y el seguimiento de personas con baja visión entre 7 y 18 años y mayores de 18 años. Método: Se conformó el grupo desarrollador con la participación de pacientes. Se hizo una búsqueda sistemática y se evaluaron la calidad de los estudios y el cuerpo de la evidencia. Las recomendaciones se hicieron utilizando Grade Evidence to Decision Framework, las cuales fueron validadas con expertos nacionales. Resultados: En el apartado de diagnóstico, la calidad de la evidencia respecto a agudeza visual y campo visual fue baja; en estas pruebas se generó recomendación débil a favor del uso de la cartilla Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study y de microperimetría, respectivamente. En cuanto a sensibilidad al contraste, la calidad de la evidencia fue muy baja y se da recomendación débil a favor del uso de la prueba de Pelli-Robson. En cuanto al tratamiento, la calidad de la evidencia respecto a ayudas ópticas electrónicas fue moderada y se da recomendación débil a favor para su uso. En cuanto a las lupas manuales, electrónicas, telescopios y tabletas, la calidad de la evidencia fue muy baja y se da recomendación débil a favor para su uso. En el apartado de rehabilitación, la calidad de la evidencia para personas mayores de 16 años fue moderada y se da recomendación fuerte a favor de la rehabilitación multidisciplinaria y multicomponente, mientras que la calidad de la evidencia respecto a rehabilitación para personas entre 7 y 16 años fue baja y se da recomendación fuerte a favor de su uso. La calidad de la evidencia para intervenciones de terapia ocupacional fue baja y se da recomendación débil a favor de su uso. Con relación a psicología, la calidad de la evidencia para las intervenciones de este tipo fue baja y se da recomendación fuerte a favor de su uso. Finalmente, la calidad de la evidencia para el uso de escalas de seguimiento fue alta y se da recomendación fuerte a favor del uso del National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-25. Conclusiones: Las recomendaciones emitidas permiten dar un lineamiento general para el manejo integral de la baja visión, reduciendo la variabilidad indeseada en el diagnóstico, la rehabilitación y el seguimiento.

Abstract Purpose: To develop evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis, functional rehabilitation, and follow-up of people with low vision between 7 and 18 years of age and over 18 years of age. Method: A development group was formed with the participation of patients. A systematic search was performed, and the quality of the studies and the body of evidence were evaluated. Recommendations were made using the Grade Evidence to Decision Framework, which were validated with national experts. Results: In the diagnostic section, the quality of the evidence regarding visual acuity and visual field was low; in these tests, a weak recommendation was generated in favor of the use of the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study and Microperimetry primer, respectively. Regarding contrast sensitivity, the quality of the evidence was very low and a weak recommendation was given in favor of the use of the Pelli-Robson test. As for treatment, the quality of evidence regarding electronic optical aids was moderate and a weak recommendation is given in favor of their use. Regarding manual and electronic magnifiers, telescopes and tablets, the quality of evidence was very low and a weak recommendation in favor of their use is given. In the section on rehabilitation, the quality of the evidence regarding this aspect for persons over 16 years of age was moderate, and there is a strong recommendation in favor of multidisciplinary and multicomponent rehabilitation. On the other hand, the quality of the evidence regarding rehabilitation for people between 7 and 16 years of age was low, and there is a strong recommendation in favor of its use. The quality of evidence for occupational therapy interventions was low and a weak recommendation is given in favor of its use. Regarding psychology, the quality of the evidence for interventions of this type was low and a strong recommendation is given in favor of their use. Finally, the quality of evidence for the use of follow-up scales was high and strong recommendation is given in favor of the use of the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-25. Conclusions: The recommendations issued allow giving a general guideline for the comprehensive management of low vision, reducing unwanted variability in diagnosis, rehabilitation, and follow-up.

Abstract Introduction: man-made mineral fibers represent a group of manufactured fibers used mainly for thermal and acoustic insulation and generally in the field of construction. Because these fibers have a similar structure to asbestos, it is a reason to think thatthey can develop pulmonary pathologies such as cancer, resulting in the interest to study the occupational exposure to these fibers and their possible consequences on the worker's health. Method: Systematic review of scientific articles through bibliographic search in MEDLINE (PUBMED), SCOPUS, EMBASE, WOS, Cochrane Library Plus, IBECS, LILACS and CISDOC, published over the last 10 years (2.008 to 2.018). Results: 137 references were retrieved, 8 articles remained after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. According to this, there are 2 cohort studies, 5 cases and controls and 1 cross-sectional study. In some of these studies, a positive but not statistically significant association was found between occupational exposure to man-made mineral fibers and the development of pulmonary pathology. Conclusions: there is not enough scientific evidence to support a direct relationship between occupational exposure to man-made mineral fibers and its implications in the development of bronchopulmonary pathologies, therefore it is necessary to conduct more long-term studies that provide evidence on this subject, in view of the large number of workers exposed to these fibers.

Resumen Introducción: las fibras minerales artificiales (FMA) representan un grupo de fibras manufacturadas utilizadas principalmente para aislamiento térmico y acústico y de forma general en el ámbito de la construcción. Debido a que tienen una estructura similar a la fibra de amianto, se tiende a pensar que también pueden desarrollar patologías pulmonares como el cáncer, resultando de interés estudiar la exposición laboral a estas fibras y sus posibles consecuencias en la salud del trabajador. Método: revisión sistemática de la literatura científica mediante la búsqueda bibliográfica en MEDLINE a través de PUBMED, SCOPUS, EMBASE, WOS, Cochrane Library Plus, IBECS, LILACS y CISDOC. Se han recuperado artículos publicados en los últimos 10 años (2.008 al 2.018). Resultados: se obtuvieron 137 referencias de las que tras aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión se recuperaron 8 artículos. Según el diseño del estudio contamos con 2 estudios de cohortes, 5 casos y controles y 1 transversal. En algunos estudios se encontró una asociación positiva pero no estadísticamente significativa entre la exposición laboral y el desarrollo de patología pulmonar. Conclusiones: aún no se dispone de suficiente evidencia científica que apoye una relación directa entre la exposición laboral a fibras minerales artificiales y sus implicaciones en el desarrollo de patología broncopulmonar, por lo tanto, se hace necesario realizar más estudios a largo plazo que aporten evidencia sobre este tema, en vista de la gran cantidad de trabajadores expuestos a estas fibras.

Resumen Los sistemas de información sobre el VIH/SIDA son una herramienta fundamental para realizar el seguimiento de la pandemia del VIH en cualquier país, con miras a la eliminación del SIDA hasta el 2030 y al logro de las metas 95-95-95 establecidas para el 2025. En este artículo se describe el proceso de gestión de datos del Registro Nacional de VIH/SIDA de Colombia, sus resultados epidemiológicos, sus aportes a la investigación y a la gestión del riesgo en salud. Este registro es una base de datos longitudinal. Las variables y la periodicidad son definidas por el Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social. Los reportes son realizados por las aseguradoras de salud y sus prestadores de servicios de salud sobre bases anuales. La información se carga a través de una plataforma web gestionada por el Fondo de Enfermedades de Alto Costo, encargado del proceso de validación, auditoría, consolidación, análisis y publicación de los datos. El Fondo de Enfermedades de Alto Coste también se encarga de la seguridad y la confidencialidad de la información. Los principales resultados son el seguimiento epidemiológico de la epidemia, la evaluación periódica de 25 indicadores de gestión del riesgo, la publicación de estudios de investigación y el cálculo de un incentivo económico para que las aseguradoras mejoren la gestión del riesgo sanitario. El registro ha demostrado ser útil no sólo para la gestión de la información clínica, sino también para fines administrativos.

Abstract HIV/AIDS information systems are a critical tool for keeping track of the HIV pandemic in any country, leading to the AIDS elimination to 2030 and achievement of the 95-95-95 goals set by 2025. In this article, we describe the data management process of the Colombian National HIV/AIDS registry, its epidemiological results and contributions to research and health risk management. This registry is a longitudinal database. Variables and periodicity are defined by The Ministry of Health and Social Protection. Reporting is done by health insurers and their healthcare providers on annual bases. The information is uploaded through a web platform run by the High-Cost Diseases Fund, in charge of the validation, auditing process, consolidation, analysis and publication of the data. Security and confidentiality of the information is also taken care of by the High-Cost Disease Fund. Main results include epidemiological follow up of the epidemic, periodic evaluation of 25 risk management indicators, publication of research studies and the calculation of an economic incentive for insurers to improve health risk management. The registry has shown to be useful not only for the management of clinical information but also for administrative purposes.

Abstract Connor O'Malley is a 12-year-old boy suffering from caregiver syndrome due to his mother's terminal illness; his fears materialize and come to life in a fantastic way constituting a fearsome monster whose purpose is to bring to light his deepest fears and feelings. Every terminally ill patient, when becoming no longer independent, requires care from caregivers who may ensure their well-being, and in many cases the caregivers are family members. Caregiver Syndrome is a condition caused by the strenuous care of a dependent family member. This syndrome manifests in response to emotional stress and is characterized by both physical and psychological exhaustion. By establishing itself as an ecobiopsychosocial entity, human health is the result of well-being in each sphere, so that, when only one of them is affected, the health of an individual can be affected, as occurs in caregiver syndrome. The caregiver syndrome in Connor is the subject of this article, as are the potential means for its approach.

Resumen Connor O'Malley es un chico de 12 años que padece del síndrome del cuidador debido a la enfermedad terminal de su madre; sus temores se materializan y cobran vida constituyendo de manera fantástica un temible monstruo que tiene como propósito sacar a la luz sus más profundos temores y sentimientos. Todo paciente con enfermedad terminal al dejar de ser independiente requiere atención de cuidadores que aseguren su bienestar y en muchas ocasiones los cuidadores son miembros de la familia. El síndrome del cuidador es una condición provocada por el cuidado extenuante de un familiar dependiente. Este síndrome se manifiesta en respuesta a un estrés emocional y se caracteriza por el agotamiento tanto físico como psicológico. Al constituirse como una entidad ecobiopsicosocial, la salud humana es resultado del bienestar en cada esfera, de modo que, cuando existe afectación de tan solo una de ellas, la salud de un individuo puede afectarse, como sucede en el síndrome del cuidador. El síndrome del cuidador en Connor es el tema del presente artículo, así como lo son los potenciales medios para su abordaje.

ABSTRACT Virtual microscopy (VM) is being widely implemented in education and could lead to the replacement of light microscopy (LM). Objective: To provide a review of the literature based on the questions: What is the perception of academics and students? and What is the performance of students? regarding the teaching of histology and/or histopathology with VM in dentistry. Material and methods: The following databases were consulted: Pubmed, Scielo, Science Direct and Scopus, and 10 articles were selected. Results: All the studies that evaluated perception and academic performance obtained results in favor of VM. Conclusions: VM has a promising future, but more studies with similar methodologies and that consider the perception of academics are required.

RESUMEN La microscopía virtual (MV) está siendo ampliamente implementada en educación y podría llevar a reemplazar a la microscopía óptica (MO). Objetivo: Proporcionar una revisión de la literatura a partir de las preguntas ¿Cuál es la percepción de académicos y estudiantes? y ¿Cuál es el desempeño de los estudiantes? respecto a la enseñanza de histología y/o histopatología con MV en odontología. Material y métodos: Se consultaron las bases de datos: Pubmed, Scielo, Science Direct y Scopus, y 10 artículos fueron seleccionados. Resultados: La totalidad de estudios que evaluaron percepción y desempeño académico obtuvieron resultados a favor de la MV. Conclusiones: La MV tiene un futuro prometedor, pero más estudios con metodologías similares y que consideren la percepción de los académicos son requeridos.

ABSTRACT In this work an investigation is presented, which combines a mixed methodology of three instruments, with the aim of investigating the scientific literacy that is being promoted in third grade students at this level; First, a content analysis was carried out on the aforementioned Program, later the Student Understanding of Science and Scientific Inquiry (SUSSI) questionnaire was applied to science students and teachers, and finally a semi-structured interview was carried out with the teachers. The results that emerge from the analysis of the theoretical-methodological triangulation show a teaching and therefore learning of the students limited to the theoretical dimension of scientific literacy, and neglecting the second dimension, which is the nature of science. From the results, in the subjects a traditionalist vision persists and far from the reality of what science involves in society and its relationship with the current world; That is why the long road that remains to be traveled must be highlighted so that knowledge related to the nature of science is achieved, and that together with a good theoretical knowledge leads to achieving scientific literacy.

RESUMEN En este trabajo se presenta una investigación, que combina una metodología mixta de tres instrumentos, con el objetivo de indagar la alfabetización científica que está siendo promovida en los alumnos de tercer grado de este nivel; en primer momento se realizó un análisis de contenido al Programa mencionado, posteriormente se aplicó el cuestionario Student Understanding of Science and Scientific Inquiry (SUSSI) a estudiantes y docentes de ciencia, y finalmente se realizó una entrevista semi-estructurada a los docentes. Los resultados que se desprenden del análisis de la triangulación teórico metodológica, muestran una enseñanza y por tanto aprendizaje de los alumnos limitada a la dimensión teórica de la alfabetización científica, y que deja en descuido a la segunda dimensión que es la naturaleza de la ciencia. Desde los resultados, en los sujetos sigue persistiendo una visión tradicionalista y alejada de la realidad de lo que involucra la ciencia en la sociedad y su relación con el mundo actual; es por ello que debe destacarse el extenso camino que queda por recorrer para que sea alcanzado aquel conocimiento relacionado con la naturaleza de la ciencia, y que en conjunto con un buen conocimiento teórico lleve a lograr una alfabetización científica.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the relationship of lifestyle and habits associated with health care and religiosity in Chilean Adventist medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Analytical and cross-sectional, census, non-experimental design. The population consisted of 72 Adventist medical students who attended or are in any year of the career in 2020 and 2021. The FANTASTIC instrument was applied, in its validated version, and an evaluation of habits associated with health care and religiosity. The work was approved by an ethics committee. Results: 55.6% are female. The mean age is 22.64. 43.1% of the students have some type of diet associated with vegetarianism. Tobacco use was not evidenced. 66.7% study the Bible and pray always or almost always. 77.8% of the students have a very good or fantastic lifestyle. When performing the Spearman correlation between the variable habits associated with health care and religiosity versus the total score of the FANTASTICO instrument, a statistically significant relationship is presented at the 0.01 level (p <0.00 r=0.48). Conclusions: Although some habits can be improved, in general most of the students have a very good lifestyle. It is appreciated that the scores of habits associated with health care and religiosity have a positive relationship with the scores obtained in the fantastic instrument.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar la correlación el estilo de vida y hábitos asociados al cuidado de la salud y religiosidad en estudiantes adventistas de medicina chilenos durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Métodos: Diseño de tipo analítico y de corte transversal, censal, no experimental. La población estuvo compuesta por 72 estudiantes de medicina de religión adventista que cursaron o cursan cualquier año de la carrera en 2020 y 2021. Se aplicó el instrumento FANTASTICO, en su versión validada y una evaluación de hábitos asociados al cuidado de la salud y religiosidad. El trabajo fue aprobado por un comité ético. Resultados: Un 55,6% son de sexo femenino. La edad media es de 22,64. Un 43,1% de los estudiantes tiene algún tipo de alimentación asociada al vegetarianismo. No se evidenció consumo de tabaco. Un 66,7% estudia la Biblia y ora siempre o casi siempre. Un 77,8% de los estudiantes tiene un estilo de vida muy bueno o fantástico. Al realizar la correlación de Spearman entre la variable hábitos asociados al cuidado de la salud y religiosidad versus el puntaje total del instrumento FANTASTICO, se presenta una relación estadísticamente significativa en el nivel 0,01 (p <0,00 r=0,48). Conclusiones: A pesar de que algunos hábitos pueden ser mejorables, en general la mayoría de los estudiantes tiene un muy buen estilo de vida. Se aprecia que los puntajes de hábitos asociados al cuidado de la salud y religiosidad tienen relación positiva con los puntajes obtenidos en el instrumento FANTASTICO.

RESUMO Objetivo verificar se o desempenho de pré-escolares nascidos prematuros e a termo no subteste de linguagem da Bayley-III difere e identificar se as variáveis idade gestacional, peso ao nascer, nível socioeconômico e escolaridade materna são determinantes no desfecho de desenvolvimento de linguagem. Método estudo transversal descritivo caso controle em que 36 pré-escolares nascidos prematuros e 27 nascidos a termo foram avaliados em relação ao desenvolvimento de linguagem pelo subteste da Bayley III. Foram considerados pré-escolares entre 18 e 36 meses de idade cronológica; com ausência de síndromes ou alterações genéticas, sensoriais, neurológicas, auditivas ou visuais; e que não tinham realizado terapia fonoaudiológica previamente. Os testes de Mann-Whitney, Exato de Fisher e regressão logística binária foram utilizados para análise estatística. Resultados o desempenho dos grupos não diferiu seja pela pontuação composta (p=0,701) ou pela classificação baseada no percentil (p=0,225). A idade gestacional, o peso ao nascimento e o nível socioeconômico não influenciaram no desfecho do desenvolvimento de linguagem. No entanto, a escolaridade materna foi significativa (p=0,014) no modelo de regressão logística binária, sugerindo que a mãe ter estudado até a educação básica aumenta a chance de ter um filho com desempenho abaixo do esperado no subteste de linguagem da Bayley III em 6,31 vezes. Conclusão não houve diferença entre os grupos no subteste de linguagem da Bayley-III e apenas a escolaridade materna influenciou no desfecho do desenvolvimento de linguagem.

ABSTRACT Purpose to verify if the performance of pre-school children born prematurely and at term in the Bayley-III language subtest differs and to identify whether variables gestational age, birth weight, socioeconomic level, and maternal education are determinant in the outcome of language development. Methods Descriptive cross-sectional case-control study in which 36 pre-school children born prematurely and 27 born at term were evaluated concerning language development by the Bayley III subtest. Preschoolers between 18 and 36 months of chronological age were considered; with no syndromes or genetic, sensory, neurological, auditory, or visual impairments; and had not previously undergone speech therapy. Mann-Whitney, Fisher's Exact, and binary logistic regression tests were used for statistical analysis. Results the groups' performance did not differ either by the composite score (p = .701) or by the classification based on the percentile (p = .225). Gestational age, birth weight, and socioeconomic status did not influence the outcome of language development. However, maternal education was significant (p = .014) in the binary logistic regression model, suggesting that the mother having studied until basic education increases the chance of having a child underperforming in the Bayley III language subtest 6.31 times. Conclusion there was no difference between the groups in the Bayley-III language subtest and only maternal education influenced the outcome of language development.

RESUMO Objetivo identificar o desempenho linguístico (vocabulário expressivo, fonologia e discurso) e cognitivo (memória de curto prazo verbal) de pré-escolares residentes de uma comunidade quilombola. Método Vinte e quatro pré-escolares quilombolas de 4 e 5 anos sem queixas no desenvolvimento da linguagem participaram do estudo. A maioria das famílias era da classe D-E e a escolaridade materna e paterna era inferior ao Ensino Médio. Seus responsáveis responderam a um questionário sobre seu desenvolvimento prévio, práticas familiares e aspectos socioeconômicos, enquanto a avaliação incluiu testes de vocabulário expressivo, fonologia, discurso e memória de curto prazo verbal. Os dados coletados foram submetidos à análise estatística descritiva para caracterizar as práticas familiares, os aspectos socioeconômicos e o desempenho linguístico e cognitivo. A análise inferencial utilizou o teste exato de Fisher para comparar o desempenho entre os sujeitos de 4 e 5 anos, além de comparar o desempenho de acordo com as práticas familiares. Resultados Maior parte dos pré-escolares apresentou desempenho adequado no vocabulário (78,3%) e na fonologia (79,2%); e 63,6% tiveram o discurso classificado como descritivo. 82,6% apresentaram desempenho em tarefa de memória de curto prazo verbal abaixo do esperado para idade. Conclusão Ainda que os pré-escolares deste estudo apresentem comunicação funcional, seu perfil de desenvolvimento da linguagem e de habilidades cognitivas demonstrou ser mais vulnerável, o que poderá repercutir em sua trajetória escolar.

ABSTRACT Purpose to identify linguistic performance (expressive vocabulary, phonology and narrative) and cognitive performance (Verbal Short-Term Memory (VSTM)) of preschoolers living in a quilombola community. Methods Twenty-four quilombola preschoolers aged four (4) and five (5) years with no complaints in language development participated in the study. Most families were in the D-E class and maternal and paternal education was lower than high school. Their guardians answered a questionnaire about their previous development, family practices and socioeconomic aspects, while the assessment included tests of expressive vocabulary, phonology, narrative and verbal short-term memory. The data collected were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis to characterize family practices, socioeconomic aspects and linguistic and cognitive performance, inferential analysis used Fisher's exact test to compare performance between subjects aged 4 and 5 years and also to compare performance according to family practices. Results 78.3% of preschoolers performed adequately in vocabulary and 79.2% in phonology; and 63.6% had the narrative classified as descriptive. 82.6% had a VSTM task performance below the expected for age. Conclusion Although the preschoolers in this study had functional communication, their profile of language development and cognitive skills was more vulnerable and may have an impact on their school trajectory.

Resumo Objetivo Averiguar a ocorrência e o tipo de hipersensibilidade auditiva em crianças com sinais clínicos de Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo por meio do relato dos pais no contexto da pandemia da COVID-19. Método Trata-se de um estudo transversal e descritivo, composto por pais de 11 crianças com sinais clínicos de risco para Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo. As crianças eram de ambos os sexos, com média de 44,8 meses de idade. Os pais responderam, por meio de contato telefônico, a um questionário, previamente validado, sobre comportamentos de hipersensibilidade auditiva de seus filhos. Foi considerado como sinalizador de hipersensibilidade a pontuação igual ou superior a oito pontos no escore geral. Resultados 63,6% das crianças apresentaram resultado indicativo de hipersensibilidade e 54,5% obtiveram pontuação máxima nas questões relacionadas à irritabilidade a sons específicos. Os sons citados como geradores de irritabilidade foram: palmas, fogos, gritos, ferramentas de construção, canto e toque de celular. Conclusão Constatou-se ocorrência de hipersensibilidade auditiva, especialmente relacionada à irritabilidade, o que sugere relação com o sistema límbico e, portanto, pode remeter à misofonia. Assim, torna-se importante a equipe multidisciplinar atentar-se à ocorrência e a características de hipersensibilidade dessa população, a fim de maximizar condições favoráveis à reabilitação.

Abstract Objective To investigate the occurrence and type of auditory hypersensitivity in children with clinical signs of Autism Spectrum Disorder through parents' reports in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method This is a cross-sectional and descriptive study, composed of parents of 11 children with clinical signs of risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder. The children were of both sexes, with a mean age of 44.8 months. Parents answered a previously validated questionnaire about their children's auditory hypersensitivity behaviors by telephone. A score equal to or greater than eight points in the general score was considered as a sign of hypersensitivity. Results 63.6% of the children presented results indicative of hypersensitivity and 54.5% obtained maximum scores on questions related to irritability to specific sounds. The sounds cited as generating irritability were: clapping, fireworks, shouting, construction tools, singing and cell phone ringtones. Conclusion Auditory hypersensitivity was observed, especially related to irritability, which suggests a relationship with the limbic system and, therefore, may refer to misophonia. Thus, it is important for the multidisciplinary team to pay attention to the occurrence and characteristics of hypersensitivity in this population, in order to maximize favorable conditions for rehabilitation.